真德秀《大学衍义》的宦官书写及其在明代的反应

A Study on the Eunuchs as Described in Daxue Yanyi and the Response of Scholar-officials in the Ming Dynasty

本文从文本接受史的角度,探讨明代士人如何回应及修正《大学衍义》中的宦官书写。《大学衍义》是南宋名儒真德秀撰作的一部在明代极负盛名的政治性书籍,书中的宦官书写在宦官政治高度发达的明代所获反应,反映明代儒者士大夫对宦官问题的思考。对于真德秀在书中大衍宦官恶例、偏重惩戒宦官,明人没有"照着讲",他们考虑到宦官在现实政治框架中的位置和对君德提升的重要性,相信宦官可以教化得善,且积极加以鼓励。嘉靖初年,湛若水因《大学衍义》体例而作的《圣学格物通》从儒家心性论出发,认为宦官"善心一而已矣",重在教化为善,是其中的典型代表。

This paper studies the response and adjustment of scholar- officials in the Ming Dynasty to the description of the eunuchs in Daxue Yanyi,a very famous political book written by Zhen Dexiu in the Southern Song Dynasty. The paper presents a new point. Zhen Dexiu advocated reprimanding the eunuchs by taking many bad examples in his book,but the scholar- officials in the Ming Dynasty didn't follow suit.