伊藤博文政党观的演变及政党实践的变迁

Evolution of Ito Hirobumi's View on Political Parties and Transition of Party Practice

伊藤博文作为藩阀政治家中开明势力的代表人物,经历与议会中民党的妥协和多次对抗,依据其与政党之间的势力对比和变化了的形势,作出顺应时势的判断,实现了其政党观的转变。可以说,政党观的变化促使伊藤作出相应的决策,同时又进一步促进了其政党实践;另一方面,政党实践的发展又加速了其政党观的转变。正是由于这两者之间的相互促进,使伊藤从宪法颁布之初的坚持"超然主义"、拒绝和怀疑政党,到甲午战后与民党合作、修正"超然主义"理念、接受和承认政党,进而发展到推荐成立宪政党内阁,再到最终彻底放弃"超然主义"理念,建立政友会,并组建政友会内阁,沟通了藩阀与政党,实现了自身由藩阀政治家向政党政治家的身份转换。伊藤政党观的演变及政党实践的变迁,推动了近代日本由藩阀政治向政党政治的转变,为近代日本政党政治的形成和发展奠定了基础。

As the representative figure of Fanfa politicians,Hirobumi witnessed the compromise and confrontation of political parties in the parliament,made judges according to the situation and realized his change of party view. The change of Hirobumi's party view and practice pushed the change of modern Japan from Fanfa politics to party politics,paving the way for the formation and development of party politics of modern Japan.