山西省大同市流动人员健康行为与技能干预研究

Intervention effectiveness on health behaviors and skills among migrating population in Datong city of Shanxi province

目的探索流动人口呼吸道传染病相关健康行为与技能的干预方法。方法在山西省大同市选择建筑工地、餐饮业、宾馆住宿业、娱乐业和集贸市场等5类场所,开展以社会支持为主导的健康行为干预,在干预前后采用单纯随机抽样方法,抽取调查对象,进行问卷调查。采用χ2检验比较干预前后行为和技能的差异。结果干预后,47.20%的调查对象基本掌握洗手技能,高于干预前的0.40%(χ2=452.89,P<0.01);调查对象养成饭前便后洗手习惯的比例为62.27%,高于干预前的55.73%(χ2=6.62,P<0.01);调查对象养成健康咳嗽行为的比例为55.20%,高于干预前的36.80%(χ2=51.11,P<0.01);调查对象养成健康吐痰行为的比例为94.27%,高于干预前的67.73%(χ2=171.54,P<0.01)。结论以社会支持为主导的行为干预方法可以对流动人群的行为改变产生较好的效果。

Objective To explore the intervention methods and to evaluate the effectiveness on health behaviors and skills related to respiratory infectious diseases among migrating population. Methods Migrating individ- uals from construction sites, restaurants, hotels, recreational places, and open air markets were recruited to the study and received health behavior intervention. A questionnaire survey was conducted before and after the intervention. Xe test was used for data analysis. Results After the intervention, the percentage of individuals who learned the skill of washing hands increased significantly from 0.40% to 47.20% （ z = 452.89, P〈 0.01） . Meanwhile, the percentage of individuals who learned washing hands before eating and after using the toilet, the correct way of coughing and spitting all increased from 55.73%, 36.80%, 67.73% to 62.27%, 55.20%, 94.27% after the intervention （P〈0.01） . Conclusions Health behavior intervention based on social support among migrating population is proved to be an effective way of educating migrating workers.