神舟十号飞船搭载对小麦品种济麦22的生物效应研究

Biological Effects of Space Flight on Winter Wheat Jimai22 Aboard on Shenzhou No. Ten Spacecraft

探索空间环境对农作物生长的影响是充分发掘和利用航天育种技术优势的重要前提和基础。利用神舟十号飞船搭载小麦主推品种济麦22,对幼苗的生长势、苗高、鲜重和根长等主要指标进行对比分析,利用植物特异的叶绿素荧光技术研究上述指标变化的生理原因,并检测遗传物质的表观修饰状态。结果表明,飞船搭载小麦种子萌发的幼苗与地面对照相比鲜重降低,根长变短,根系数变少。叶绿素荧光参数测定发现,经过空间搭载的种子产生幼苗各种生长指标的差异是空间环境对植物产生的生理胁迫原因所致。经过空间飞行的种子萌发产生的幼苗,其基因组的甲基化修饰程度与对照相比发生了明显改变。

Better understanding the effects of space environment on major crop growth could accelerate the application of space breeding technology. After space flight aboard on the Shenzhou No. Ten spacecraft,the seedling growth traits,i. e.,seedling vigor,seedling height,fresh weight and root length of winter wheat variety Jimai 22 were studied. Compared to the control samples,seedlings from space flight seeds showed reduced fresh weight,shortened root length and decreased root number. With the chlorophyll florescence detecting technology,we found such effects on seedling growth could be caused by physiological stress. Our results also showed that the genomic methylation pattern was modified by space flight. Our results could provide experimental evidence for wheat space breeding.