工业炸药有毒气体含量测定的影响因素

Factors Affecting the Measurement of Toxic Gases Produced by Industrial Explosives

文章探讨了工业炸药爆炸后有毒气体测定过程中多种因素对测定结果的影响。试验表明,钢炮扩孔对有毒气体测定结果影响明显,随钢炮扩孔增大,有毒气体含量显著增大。当扩孔率为37%和95%时,有毒气体总量比新钢炮分别增大了24.5%和29.2%。起爆用雷管对低感度炸药有毒气体测定结果影响较显著,而对高感度炸药影响较小;用军用雷管起爆产生的有毒气体最少,而用煤矿许用瞬发电雷管起爆产生的有毒气体最多,并且膨化硝铵炸药有毒气体的增加(23.0%)大于粉状乳化炸药(10.8%)。石英砂用量对有毒气体测定结果也有明显影响。当石英砂完全覆盖药卷时,在一定范围内,增加石英砂用量导致有毒气体含量增大;当钢炮扩孔相当大时,增大石英砂用量使钢炮口全部覆盖严实,有毒气体含量减少。

This paper discusses the effects of various factorson the measured contents of toxic gases produced from the explosion of industrial explosives. In experiments, it was observed that the cannon expanding degree has obvious effect on the measured results. With the increase of the expanding degree, the contents of toxic gases increase obviously. When the expanding degrees are 37% and 95%, the increments in the toxic gases in comparison with that of the new cannon are 24. 5% and 29. 2%, respectively. Different kinds of detonators do not have visible effects on the results of high sensitive explosives, while do significantly affect the results of the low sensitive explosives. The toxic gases produced by the military detonators are the least, and that produced by the mining detonator are the most, and in addition, the increments for the expanded nitramine explosive （23. 0%） are bigger than that for the powdery emulsion explosive （10. 8%）. The mass of quartz sand alsohas obvious effects on the test results. When the contents of the quartz sand are enough to cover the explosive roll completely, increasing the mass of quartz sand within certain limits leads to the increase in the contents of toxic gases. When the expanding degree of the cannon is very big, increase in the mass of quartz sand to cover the gun muzzle tightly will lead to the decrease in toxic gases.