生物基合成纤维的展望

Outlook of bio-based synthetic fibers

在世界原油量减少和环境问题日益突出的情况下,传统石油基合成纤维的发展受到了制约,开发新型、再生的生物基合成纤维成为化纤行业发展的必然趋势。介绍了国内外生物基材料的发展;简述了生物基原料及其预处理方法;详述了生物基合成纤维的开发情况,包括生物基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PDT)、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚酰胺(PA)等生物基合成纤维;指出目前生物基合成纤维的发展中,生物基转化技术不够成熟,制备成本高,原料不稳定,应对生物发酵、酶转化、化学合成等技术系统优化,结合多组分体系的高效分离与纯化技术,实现生物基原料和产物的规模化生产,同时建立自主知识产权体系,实现技术、产品与知识产权体系的同步发展。

The development of conventional petroleum-based synthetic fibers are restricted by the declining world crude volume and increasing prominent environment issues.The inevitable trend of chemical fiber industry is to explore novel environment-friendly renewable bio-based synthetic fibers.The development of bio-based synthetic fibers was introduced in China and abroad.The bio-based raw materials and their pretreatment techniques were briefly described.The development of bio-based synthetic fibers was summerized in details,including bio-based polyethylene terephthalate （PDT）,polytrimethylene terephthalate （PTT）,polylactic acid （PLA）,polybutylene terephthalate （PBT） and polyamide （PA）.It was pointed out that the development of biobased synthetic fibers had the disadvantages of unmatured biotechnogical routes,high production cost and unsteady raw material quality ; the scale production of bio-based raw material and final products should be realized by systematically optimizing the technologies of bio-fermentation,enzymatic conversion and chemical synthesis and applying the high-efficiency separation and purification technologies for multi-component system; meanwhile the independent intellectual property system should be established to realize the simultaneous development of the technology,products and intellectual property system.