老年急性肾损伤的防治特点

Characteristics in prevention and treatment of the elderly patients with acute kidney injury

随着年龄的增长,肾脏结构和功能的老龄化,肾脏的自身调节能力下降,老年人急性肾损伤(AKI)的发病率显著增加。AKI是导致老年住院患者病死率增加、住院时间延长及行肾脏替代治疗的主要危险因素之一,与老年人的预后密切相关。尽管医疗水平不断进步,AKI的预后仍然不乐观,尤其在重症监护病房,重症AKI患者非常常见。由于目前缺乏有效预防和治疗AKI的药物,血液净化技术仍然是治疗重症AKI的主要手段。该文主要介绍老年AKI的特点及防治策略,以期为临床医生在处理老年AKI患者时提供实用性指导和帮助。

As the growth of age,the aging of renal structure and function,self-adjusting capacity of the kidney is decreased,and the morbidity of acute kidney injury（ AKI） is increased significantly in the elderly. AKI is one of the main risk factors increasing the mortality of hospitalized elderly patients prolonging the length of hospital stay and undergoing renal replacement therapy,and it is closely related to prognosis of the elderly. Although medical treatment level is progressing rapidly,prognosis of AKI is still not optimistic,especially in the intensive care unit,severe AKI patients are very commonly seen.Due to the lack of effective drugs in prevention and treatment of AKI,blood purification technology is still the main method for treatment of severe AKI. In combination with the latest research progress and experiences of experts,this paper introduces the characteristics of AKI in the elderly and its prevention strategies,so as to provide clinicians with practical guidance and help in management of the elderly patients with AKI.