黑龙江春小麦春化和光周期基因等位变异对农艺性状的影响

Allelic Variation at Vernalization and Photoperiod Genes in Heilongjiang Spring Wheat Cultivars and Effect on Agricultural Traits

春化和光周期基因决定了小麦对环境条件的适应能力,对小麦的生长发育具有重要的作用,为了明确黑龙江春小麦春化和光周期等位变异的分布,本研究对124份春小麦品种的春化和光周期基因进行了STS标记,结果表明黑龙江春小麦春化基因显性等位变异Vrn-A1,Vrn-B1和Vrn-D1的分布频率分别为93.55%,52.42%和55.65%,没有检测到显性等位变异Vrn-B3;光周期等位变异Ppd-D1a和PpdD1b的分布频率分别为39.52%和60.48%。为了研究春化和光周期等位变异对农艺性状的影响,将黑龙江省春小麦春化基因组合主要分为4种类型：Vrn-A1a＋Vrn-B1＋Vrn-D1,Vrn-A1a＋Vrn-B1＋VrnD1,Vrn-A1a＋Vrn-B1＋vrn-D1和Vrn-A1a＋Vrn-B1＋Vrn-D1。4种春化基因组合对小麦的株高和分蘖有显著影响,其中,携带Vrn-A1a＋Vrn-B1＋Vrn-D1的小麦株高最低（94.98cm）,而分蘖最多（6.01）。光周期基因对株高和各个生长发育时期有显著影响。光钝（携带Ppd-D1a）比光敏（携带Ppd-D1b）小麦的株高低8.88cm,三叶期,拔节期和抽穗期等提前1~2d。因此,本研究认为春化和光周期基因对小麦的株高,分蘖及生长发育时期有显著影响,携带Vrn-A1a＋Vrn-B1＋Vrn-D1＋Ppd-D1a小麦的株高低,分蘖多,适应性广,可能是比较理想的春化和光周期基因组合形式。

Vernalization and photoperiod genes determine the wheat adaptability to environmental conditions, and play an important roles for wheat growth, In order to explicit distribution frequency of Vernalization and photoperiod alleles, 124 heilongjiang spring wheat Cuhivars was detected with STS maker. The results indicate that distribution frequency of dominant Vrn-A1a, Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 is 93.55% , 52.42% and 55.65% respectively. All the spring wheat Cultivars carried recessive vrn-B3. The distribution frequency of Ppd-D1a and Ppd-D1b is 60.48% and 39.52%. Vernalization gene combination was mainly divided into four types： Vrn-A1a ＋ Vrn-B1 ＋ Vrn-D1, Vrn-A1a ＋ vrn-B1 ＋ vrn-D1, Vrn- A1a ＋ Vrn-B1 ＋ vrn-D1 and Vrn-A1a ＋ vrn-B1 ＋ Vrn-D1. Vernalization gene combinations has a significant effect on plant height and tiller number per plant, plant height of Wheat Cuhivars with vernalization gene combination Vrn-A1 a ＋ Vrn-B1 ＋ Vrn-D1 is lowest （94.98cm）, while tiller number per plant is highest （6.01）. photoperiod gene has significant effect on plant height and growth stage, plant heignt of Wheat Cultivars with Photoperiod gene Ppd-Dla is significantly lower than Ppd-Dlb, and growth development stage is accelerated 1 -2days compared to Ppd-Dlbo This research suggests that vernalzation ang photoperiod gene have an effect on plant height, tiller number per plant and growth development stage, Vrn-A1a ＋ Vrn-B1 ＋ Vrn-D1 ＋ Ppd-D1a may be desirable vernalization and photoperiod gene combination.