土壤水分对不同季节番茄产量及氮磷钾吸收分配特性的影响

Effect of Soil Water Content on Yield,Absorption and Distribution of N,P and K in Tomato with Different Cultivation Seasons

为进一步明确不同季节番茄肥水需求特性,本文采用主效应分析方法,研究了土壤水分对不同栽培茬口盆栽番茄生长发育及氮、磷、钾吸收分配特性的影响。结果表明,栽培茬口和土壤水分均显著影响番茄植株的生长、产量及氮磷钾的吸收,且两者之间存在极显著的交互作用。冬春茬番茄植株生长势较强,单株产量较秋冬茬提高40.23%,氮、磷、钾吸收速率分别增加118.97%、125.23%、146.14%,吸收量分别增加65.32%、70.68%、85.99%,且有利于氮磷钾向植株茎叶的分配,而秋冬茬则促进了氮磷钾向果实的分配。随土壤水分的降低,番茄植株生长量、氮磷钾吸收量和吸收速率呈下降趋势,且较低的土壤水分有利于氮磷钾向果实的分配,但秋冬茬番茄单株产量以65%土壤水分处理较高,而冬春茬则以80%土壤水分处理较高。本研究可为不同季节番茄高产、优质栽培提供理论依据。

In order to clarify tomato requirement characteristics of fertilizer and water in different cultivation seasons, the effects of soil water content on plant growth, absorption and distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were studied by potted tomatoes with different cultivation seasons by main effect analysis. The results showed that cultivation season and soil water content had significant effects on plant growth, yield and absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and their interactions were also significant. In comparison to autumn-winter tomato, winter-spring tomato performed stronger vigor, and its yield per plant was higher by 40.23% , absorption rates of N, P and K were increased by 118.97% , 125.23% and 146. 14% respectively, and absorption amount were raised by 65.32% , 70.68% and 85.99%. The distribution rates of N, P and K in stem and leaf of winter-spring tomato were improved, and their distribution rates in fruit were raised in autumn-winter tomato. With decrease of soil water content, plant growth, absorption amount and rate of N, P and K were reduced, and lower soil water content favored the distribution of N, P and K in fruits. The yield per plant with the treatment of soil water content of 65% was highest in autumn-winter tomato, but in winter-spring tomato yield per plant was highest in soil water content of 80%. This study provided the theoretical basis for high yield and guality cultivation of tomato.