光周期对两种色型豌豆蚜生长发育的影响

Effect of photoperiod on growth and development of two color morphs of pea aphid(Acyrthosiphon pisum)

为探讨光周期对两种色型豌豆蚜生长发育的影响,本研究设定了低(103μmol-m-2-s-1)、中(212μmol-m-2-s-1)和高(313μmol-m-2-s-1)3个光照强度,3个光周期(10L∶14D、16L∶8D和22L∶2D),测定了两种色型豌豆蚜的龄期、发育历期、体重差、相对日均体重增长率等生物学参数的变化特征。结果表明:在低光照强度下,光周期10L∶14D时,绿色型比红色型豌豆蚜4龄期延长0.21 d(P<0.05),发育历期延长,其他各项指标无显著差异(P>0.05);光周期16L∶8D时,红色型比绿色型豌豆蚜3龄期延长0.52 d(P<0.05),发育历期延长;光周期22L∶2D时,绿色型比红色型豌豆蚜2龄期、4龄期延长0.12 d、0.22 d,差异显著(P<0.05),其他指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。中光照强度下,光周期10L∶14D时,绿色型比红色型豌豆蚜体重差减轻6.76%,相对日均体重增长率减小14.63%,均为差异显著(P<0.05),发育历期无显著差异(P>0.05);光周期16L∶8D时,绿色型比红色型豌豆蚜1龄期、2龄期、4龄期延长0.23 d、0.60 d、0.33 d,发育历期延长,体重差减轻28.84%,相对日均体重增长率减小37.21%,均为差异显著(P<0.05);光周期22L∶2D时,红色型比绿色型豌豆蚜相对日均体重增长率增高12%(P<0.05)。高光照强度下,光周期10L∶14D时,绿色型比红色型豌豆蚜4龄期延长0.58 d(P<0.05);光周期16L∶8D时,绿色型比红色型豌豆蚜1龄期延长1.63 d(P<0.05);光周期22L∶2D时,红色型豌豆蚜发育历期延长,体重差和相对日均体重增长率无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上,在不同光照强度下,光照时间越长,两种色型豌豆蚜生长发育越好;光照强度越强,光周期越短,两种色型豌豆蚜生长发育显著迟缓。由此可见,光周期对两种色型豌豆蚜生长发育的影响与光照强度相关,且红色和绿色型豌豆蚜对光周期的反应均不相同。

To investigate the effect of photoperiod on growth and development of two color morphs of pea aphid [Acyrthosiphon pisum（Harris）], red and green color morphs of pea aphid were treated with different photoperiods（10L∶14D, 16L∶8D and 22L∶2D）under different light intensities [low（103 μmol·m-2·s-1313 μmol·m-2·s-1. Instars developmental duration, weight difference, mean relative growth rate per day（MRGR） measured. The results showed that at 10L∶14D photoperiod, the duration of the 4^th instar of green color morph prolonged by 0.21 d compared with that of red color morph. While development duration of green color morphs delayed under low light intensity（P〈0.05）, there were no significant differences in weight difference and in MRGR between red and green color pea aphid morphs. At 16L∶8D photoperiod, the duration of the 3rdinstar of red color morph prolonged by 0.52 d and the development duration of red color morphs also delayed under low light intensity（P〈0.05）, compared with those of green color morphs. There were also no significant differences in weight difference and MRGRbetween red and green color morphs under low light intensity（P〉0.05）. At 22L∶2D photoperiod, the durations of the 2^nd, and 4^th instar of red color morphs prolonged respectively by 0.12 d and 0.22 d under low light intensity（P〈0.05） compared with those of the green color morphs. There were also no significant differences in development duration, weight difference and MRGR between red and green color morphs of pea aphid under low light intensity（P〉0.05）. At 10L∶14D photoperiod, weight difference and MRGR of green color morphs decreased respectively by 6.76% and 14.63% compared with those of red color morphs under middle light intensity（P〈0.05）. At 16L∶8D photoperiod, the duration of the 1^st, 2^nd, and 4^th instar of green color morphs prolonged respectively by 0.23 d, 0.60 d and 0.33 d under middle light intensity（P〈0.05）. Also green color morphs development duration delayed while weight difference decreased by 28.84% and MRGR decreased by 37.21% compared with those of red color morphs under middle light intensity（P〈0.05）. At 22L∶2D photoperiod, the developmental duration of red color morphs delayed while MRGR increased by 12.00% compared with green color morphs under middle light intensity（P〈0.05）. At 10L∶14D photoperiod, the duration of the 4^th instar of green color morph prolonged by 0.58 d over that of red color morph（P〈0.05）, while at 16 L ∶ 8D photoperiod, the duration of the 1st instar of green color morphs prolonged by 1.63 d under high light intensity（P〈0.05）. At 22L∶2D photoperiod,developmental duration of red color morphs delayed（P〈0.05） while there were no significant differences in weight difference and MRGR between red and green color morphs under high light intensity（P〈0.05）. In summary, longer photoperiods had positive effect on growth and development of the two color morphs of pea aphid. Moreover, stronger light intensity and shorter light cycle significantly delayed development of the two color morphs of pea aphids. Therefore the growth and development of pea aphids was influenced by light intensity, photoperiod and color morph pattern. It was therefore recommended to develop more efficient mechanisms to further study the characteristics of color morph of pea aphids.