1Villareal DT, Apovian CM, Kushner RF, et al. Obesity in older adults: technical review and positionstatement of the American Society for Nutrition and NAASO, The Obesity Society[ J ]. Am J Clin Nutr, 2005, 82(5) :923-934.
2Bonewald LF, Johnson ML. Osteo- cytes, mechanosensing and Wnt sig- naling[J]. Bone, 2008, 42(4): 606-615.
3Li J, Wan Z, Liu H, et al. Osteo- blasts subjected to mechanical strain inhibit osteoclastic differentiation and bone resorption in a co-culture system[J].Ann Biomed Eng, 2013, 41 (10) :2056-2066.
4Kim JH, Choi HJ, Kim M J, et al. Fat mass is negatively associated with bone mineral content in Koreans [ J ]. Osteoporosis Int, 2012, 23 (7) : 2009-2016.
5Vincent HK, Raiser SN, Vincent KR. The aging musculoskeletal system and obesity-related considera- tions with exercise [ J ]. Ageing Res Rev, 2012, 11(3) :361-373.
6Messier V, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Barbat-Artigas S, et al. Menopause and sarcopenia: A potential role for sex hormones [ J]. Maturitas, 2011, 68(4) :331-336.
7Hotamisligil GS, Shargill NS, Spiegelman BM. Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance[J]. Science, 1993, 259(5091) :87-91.
8Aguirre L, Napoli N, Waters D, et al. Increasing adiposity is associated with higher adipokine levels and lower bone mineral density in obese older adults [ J ]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2014, 99(9):3290-3297.
9Mundy GR. Osteoporosis and inflam- mation[J]. Nutr Rev, 2007, 65( 12 Pt 2) :S147-S151.
10Zupan J, Jeras M, Marc J. Osteoim- munology and the influence of pro-in- flammatory cytokines on osteoclasts [ J]. Biochem Med (Zagreb),2013, 23(1) :43-63.
8Suzuki N, Ogikubo O, Hansson T. The prognosis for pain, disability, activities of daily living and quality of life after an acute osteoporotic vertebral body fracture: its relation to frac- ture level, type of fracture and grade of fracture deformation [J]. Eur Spine J, 2009, 18(1) :77-88.
9Genant HK, Wu CY, van Kuijk C, et al. Vertebral fracture assessment using a semi quantitative technique [ J ]. Bone Miner Res, 1993,8(9) : 1137-1148.
10Genant HK, Sifts E, Crans GG, et al. Reduction in vertebral fracture risk in teriaparatide-treated postmenopausal women as assessed by spinal deformity index [ J ]. Bone, 2005,37(2) : 170-174.