中国对印度占领“麦克马洪线”以南地区的反应及其意义(1951—1954)

China's Reaction to India's Military Occupation of the Area South of the Mc Mahon Line and Its Significances,1951-1954

1947年印度独立后,特别是中国人民解放军开始和平解放西藏伊始,印度即逐步进占传统习惯线以北和"麦克马洪线"以南地区,并在1951年2月占领达旺。中共中央在了解印度进占的情况下,对印方的"强力推进"采取了忍让克制的态度,形成了指导这一时期处理边界问题的"暂维现状"政策。中国的反应同当时中印关系的结构和本质密切相关,显示了新中国成立之初中央对西藏政策的重心所在,即西藏内部的政治稳定及中央治藏战略的顺利贯彻,要比正在显现的领土争端更为重要。"暂维现状"政策对中国处理和解决同周边国家的边界问题产生了重要而复杂的影响。

After its independence in August 1947, especially from the beginning of PLA＇ s march into Tibet region in 1950, India forcibly pushed northward and gradually occupied all disputed territories between the McMahon Line and the boundary line at the southern foot of the Himalayas as shown on Chinese maps. The overt expression of Indian policy for the consolidation of its claimed border with China was Indian army occupation of Tawang Tract in February 1951. With information of India＇ s occupation, China＇ s acquiescence and forbearance embodies its resort to the policy of ＂to maintain status quo temporarily＂ regarding frontier dispute. This policy was closely related with and shaped by the structure and the nature of China-India relations at this juncture. Beijing＇ s reaction illustrates the priority of the CCP leadership＇ s Tibet strategy, in which the internal stability and the successful implementation of administration designs was more critical than the looming border dispute with New Delhi. Definitely, China＇ s policy of ＂to maintain status quo temporarily＂ has significant and complicated impact on Beijing＇ s settlement of its border issues with neighboring countries.