冬小麦控释尿素与普通尿素的最佳配比研究

The appropriate mixing ratio of control-released urea and common urea in winter wheat production

为明确控释尿素与普通尿素配合施用在作物上的应用效果,以冬小麦为研究材料,在田间试验条件下研究了不同比例(0、10%、30%、50%、100%)的控释尿素(CRU,释放期60 d)与普通尿素配合追施(基追比为3∶7)对冬小麦旗叶叶绿素a含量和净光合速率、产量、氮肥利用率、分蘖情况以及经济效益的影响。结果表明:控释尿素比例为50%和100%处理的冬小麦叶绿素a和净光合速率在各生育期都保持了较高水平;与仅施用普通尿素相比,控释尿素为50%的处理的各项指标都明显提高,分蘖数自返青期起保持了较高水平,小麦产量增加了17.0%,氮肥利用率提高了16.73%,增收2587.23 yuan/hm2。综合分析,50%控释尿素的施肥处理在小麦上应用效果最好。

The mixing use of control-released urea （ CRU） and the common urea is an effective way in meeting the requirement of N nutrition and decreasing the N loss in agricultural practices .A field experiment was conducted to study effects of topdressing different ratios of controlled release urea （CRU, release period 60 d） （0, 10%, 30%, 50%, 100%） with common urea on winter wheat .The ratio of basal and topdressing N use proportion was set as 3∶7, and five mixing ratios were designed .The number of tillering , photosynthesis indices and grain yield were investigated , the nitrogen use efficiency and the economic benefit were calculated in the study .The results show that the net photosynthetic rates and the contents of chlorophyll with 50% and 100% of CRU are all significantly higher than those applying common urea alone , the yield is increased by 17%, the nitrogen use efficiency increased by 16.73%and the economic profit increased by 2587.23 yuan/ha in 50%CRU treatment.There are more tillers in wheat treated with 50%of CRU from the reviving stage of seedlings to the harvest stage .In conclusion , mixing ratio of 50% of CRU and 50% of common urea is recommended for higher yield and profit in winter wheat production .