京津冀地区就业增长的空间集散趋势分析

Concentration and Decentralization of Employment in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region

都市圈是城市经济演化的高级空间形态,就业空间分布正是刻画区域空间结构特征的重要变量。以京津冀都市圈为例,首次利用两次经济普查的就业数据研究就业增长的空间集散特征。根据核密度分析结果确定都市圈内的京津石为一级就业中心,唐保沧张为二级就业中心,秦承廊为三级就业中心。京津冀就业的整体空间集散特征为仍在进一步集聚,且集聚特征稳定。空间统计表明:2004年和2008年京津冀都市区的重心均分布在廊坊境内,移动方向为东北向。北京、天津、石家庄、唐山、保定、沧州和廊坊所在的区域为京津冀都市圈的核心区,呈"东北—西南"分布模式。对比两年变化得出就业核心区范围在减小,密度在加大。分产业和行业来看,三次产业中第二产业就业分布最为均衡,第三产业分布最为集中,其中生产性服务业仍在进一步集中,而生活性服务业在扩散。

Metropolis circle is the advanced form of urban economics. Spatial characteristic of employment density is an important variable to describe regional spatial structure characteristics. This paper studies the concentration and the decentralization of employment in the Beijing - Tianjin - Hebei Metropolitan Region with economic census data. The result of kernel density function shows that Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang are the level 1 employment centers, Tangshan, Baoding , Cangzhou, Zhangjiakou are the level 2 employment centers, Qinhuangdao, Chengde, Langfang are the Level 3 employment centers. From 2004 to 2008, the concentration of employment continues to strengthen steadily. Spatial statistic result indicates that the employment mean center which is in Langfang moved northeast from 2004 to 2008. The area of employment core region becomes smaller and smaller while the density becomes higher and higher. From anindustrial perspective, employment distribution of secondary industries is the most balanced while tertiary industries are the most concentrated. Producer services employment is concentrating, on the contrary, consumer services employment is decentralizing.