空巢余悲与生活困境:失独家庭生活福利弱势性研究

Empty Nest Bereavement and Living Dilemma:The Vulnerability of Living Welfare of Only Child Lost Families

中国目前独生子女数量超过1.5亿,每年由于独生子女死亡新增7.6万失独家庭。独生子女的去世使得独生子女家庭结构断裂而成为特殊的空巢家庭,失独父母的生活福利受到了严重影响。利用2013年陕西省专项调查数据,分析了失独家庭在生理福利、心理福利、经济福利、社会支持和养老状况等方面的弱势性和差异性。失独家庭生活福利的各个方面都显著脆弱于一般家庭;失独家庭虽然由于丧子具有一定的共性,但其群体内部由于失独父母特征和去世子女特征差异而显示出部分生活福利的差异性。应改进和细化现有的失独家庭扶助政策,充分考虑政策目标群体差异性,有针对性地进行扶助。

It is estimated that there are over 150 million only child in China,and 76000 only child die every year. The deaths of the only child made those families a kind of special empty family, and affect negatively those parents who lost only child. Using a sample survey conducted in 2013 in Shaanxi Province ,the ＂paper explores the vulnerability and differences of only child lost family in terms of physical welfare, psychological welfare, economic welfare, social support and old age security. The results indicate that, families who lost only child are more vulnerable than those families without such bereavement in every respect. Even for only child lost families, there show differences in living welfare by individual parent factors and death child＇ s factors. We argue that supporting policy for only child lost families should be improved and modified to consider the difference of target group.