法律保留原则、公民权利保障与八二宪法秩序

The Principle of Law Reservation,Fundamental Rights,and the Legal Order of 1982 Constitution

法律保留原则是现代国家构建以宪法为元规范的法律秩序的重要支持。一般法学理论认为,法律保留原则的宪法理论依据在于民主合法性和法治国思想。本文则在传统二要素之外指出,法律统一也是法律保留原则得以成立的重要基石。八二宪法中既有一般法律保留,也有具体法律保留。这两种模式的优劣有待厘定。最后,结合比例原则在公民基本权利限制中的功能,法律保留原则所具有的秩序构建和权利保障作用得到了更为全面的讨论,这一研究的主旨在于结合法律保留原则的比较法观察,探讨宪法作为构建客观法秩序的元规则所具有的现实意义。

The principle of law reservation is crucial to construct a legal order on the basis of constitution,and the constitutional justification for which,public lawyers have argued,are democratic legitimacy and the principle of rule of law. Besides these traditional justifications,this article presents unification of legal system as its third constitutional basis,analyzes the pros and cons of general law reservation and specific law reservation,and eventually emphasizes the order construction and rights protection functions of the principle of law reservation. The purpose of this study is to explore how the constitution functions as a meta-rule during the process of constructing an objective legal order.