论杜牧以意为主的兵家文学观

DU Mu's Literary View on Military Theory

以意为主不仅是杜牧对诗文创作的具体看法,更是一种文学观,是杜牧兵家思想与兵学观念对文论的浸润,内在潜藏着杜牧的兵家思想与兵学观念,即,不把意局限于某家、某派、某思想之中,而把它作为每一次具体创作活动的前提和目标。视意为诗文创作的核心,是杜牧的创造。与庄子、王弼相比,它属于创作论范畴。与陆机、范晔相比,它强调了气的作用。与韩愈、柳宗元相比,它把意而不是道摆在了首位。许、杨慎等不能从兵家角度理解杜牧,被后人诟病,苏轼、王夫之等能由此角度理解杜牧,可算知音。

The concept of artistic appraisal is not merely DU Mu＇s practical view in verse composition; it is even a literary ideology as well. In fact,it is an analogy from military theory to literary criticism,the latter of which conceives DU＇s military idea..it is confined to any individual school, but treats it as the point of departure and goal of literary creation. This is DU＇s initiative. Compared with ZHUANG Zhou and WANG Bi,it belongs to literary creation theory ; compared with LU Ji and FAN Ye,it emphasizes the role of vigor;and compared with HAN Yu and LIU Zong-yuan,it gives appraisal a priority status over dao. XU Yi and YANG Shen who were not able to understand DU were denounced;but SU Shi and WANG Fuzhi can be called true literary friends for their comprehension of it.