多民族国家统一构设视域中的公共空间政治

Public Space Politics in Constructing Unification of Multinational States Country

在当代多民族国家统一构设中,公共空间问题是一个重要相关变量。多民族国家围绕公共空间进行政策设计时,就产生公共空间政治。多民族国家统一构设中的公共空间之所以重要,是因为公共空间具有民族文化符号承载性和政治社会化功能。由于公共空间在多民族国家统一构设中的重要性日益彰显,越来越多的国家试图通过公共空间的象征符号强化国家身份,或者为公共空间重新命名,让文本、口号和地名的使用占据公共空间的核心,或者通过公共建筑强化国家认同,通过视觉冲击强化政治效忠。由于多民族国家统一构设中的公共空间与传统、认同以及权力有着密切的关联,又有助于政权的稳定性与统治的合法性,因此,多民族国家统一构设中的公共空间政治的特点表现为两种不同的路径:其一是文化民族主义路径;其二是整合主义路径。虽然不同国家对于公共空间政治的路径选择不同,但实现国家认同是他们共同的目标。中国作为多民族国家,也可以在本国历史与传统的基础上,重视"符号"以及由符号建构而成的意义,借鉴他国的公共空间政治社会化模式,在"差异性"与"统合性"之间寻求一个平衡点与缓解机制。

In current construction of multinational states country unification, the issue of public space is an important var table. When a country with multinational states makes policy design around public space,it faces inevitably the issue of public space politics. Public space is important because it functions as a national cultural carrier and works for political socialization. Therefore,more and more countries have expressed their wishes to reinforce their country identity in terms of the symbolic sign of public space either by renaming to occupy a key position there or by enhancing the country identification through pub lic constructions to exert perceptual impact for political affiliation. Owing to the essential association of public space with tra dition,identity and power as well as its role for power stability and ruling legitimacy, the relevant politics achieves its charac teristics in terms of two ways,one being cultural nationalism and the other integrationism. Different countries choose alterna tive ways,but their common goal is to achieve national identity. China as a multinational country may choose to lay emphasis on symbolic sign and on her history and tradition and hence obtain a balance between differentiality and integrity.