论余笑予的戏曲导演艺术

The Opera Director Art of Yu Xiaoyu

余笑予是新时期以来真正开拓现代戏曲导演艺术的功勋卓著者,也是最早明确提出戏曲的创作、演出"应该确立导演的主导地位"的戏曲导演艺术家及当代台湾戏曲导演艺术的引领者。他虽然作为在解放初期就系统受过斯坦尼导演体系思维训练的极少数的戏曲导演艺术家之一,但他的戏曲现代戏的导演思路却处处都可见出他对他所非常熟悉的传统戏曲的表现性元素的借鉴痕迹,而与百年来戏曲变革的魔咒——话剧+唱——若即若离。这是非常耐人寻味的。追寻其根源就在于他自觉地寻求古典戏曲与现代戏曲观众审美需求的最佳契合点,这构成了余笑予戏曲导演艺术的最主要特征,具体体现在以下几个方面:一是"将楚剧这种地方花鼓戏的一些活泼自由的东西注入比较古老而规范的京剧中去";二是"寻觅与建构新的演出样式";三是追求具有当代审美意识和剧场效果的"当代戏曲";四是在剧目选择和导演处理上尊重彰显剧种特色;五是以对流派创始人独创精神的学习来反对"流派隔离";六是以强化戏曲导演的中心地位来最有效地凸显表演艺术家的才华;七是坚守技艺的表演与趣味的呈现并重的导演理念。为此,他反复强调他所提出的"拆墙"观念。

Yu Xiaoyu is a pioneer in the new era,who developed the modern opera director art and established the concept of director center in opera creation and action. Although he was one of the opera directors that had systematic trained by the Stanislaw acting system in the early liberation days,his director thought was closely related to the performance factors in traditional Chinese opera,and reflected the drama reform of drama and sing. Yu Xiaoyu consciously seek the point to connect the aesthetic needs of the audience of classical opera and modern drama,and this constituted the main characteristics of his director art.