再看《春秋》笔法——以清华简《系年》与《春秋》经传对国君死亡事件的记录为视角

Review the Writing Techniques of Spring and Autumn Annals——Based on the Records of Kings' Deathes in Ji Nian( 系年) and The Warring States Bamboo Slips Stored in Tsinghua University( Ⅱ)

清华简《系年》与《春秋》经传在记载国君死亡事件时采取了不同的记述方式。《系年》在记述一国之君杀另外一国之君时均用"杀"字而非"弑"字,基本句式为"某杀某",这与《春秋》经传的记载类似。但《系年》在记载国君被该国臣子所杀的时候,几乎都用"杀"字,这与《春秋》采用"弑"字表明褒贬明显不同。《系年》对孺子王被灵王所杀,灵王被公子比所杀均未非常明确地采取"某杀某"的记述方式,这可能源于《系年》的记述者为楚国人,所以对本国国君的遇害采取了"内讳"的方式。对"弑君"事件的不同处理,可从另一侧面佐证孔子对《春秋》确实进行了修订及"《春秋》笔法"的存在。

Ji Nian（ 系年） of The Warring States Bamboo Slips Stored in Tsinghua University（ Ⅱ）has a writing style different from Spring and Autumn Annals on kings’ deathes. It uses the word ＂kill＂instead of that of ＂regicide＂when a king killed another one in Ji Nian. The basic sentence pattern is that＂someone killed another one＂. The word ＂kill＂used thereof is quite different from that of ＂regicide＂which contains connotation of attitude of appraisal or blame in Spring and Autumn Annals. This can also prove that the revision made on Spring and Autumn Annals by Confucius and the writing techniques in Spring and Autumn Annals from another perspective.