职业教育改革与发展的经验与启示——以工业化后期西方发达国家为例

Experience in and Enlightenment on the Reform and Development of Vocational Education——A Case Study of the Late Industrialization of Western Developed Countries

工业化是一个国家经济社会发展不可逾越的重要阶段,工业化后期西方发达国家职业教育改革与发展有着典型的经验:职业教育由数量扩张转为质量提升,建立多层次、多类型的职业教育体系,大力调整专业结构和课程设置,谋求职业教育和普通教育等值。而我国即将进入工业化后期,为适应工业化中后期经济和产业发展的需要,应稳定职业教育规模,注重其质量提升;逐步建立相对完备的职业教育体系;适时调整专业结构和课程设置,以适应产业结构转型升级和中小企业发展的需要;建立全国统一的国家职业资格认证制度,以增强职业教育的吸引力。

Industrialization is an insurmountable stage of a country’s economic and social development. Vocational education in western developed countries has the following characteristics：Vocational education transfers from the increase in quantity to quality improvement,a multi-level and multi-type vocational education system is established, professional structure and course setting are overhauled,and equivalence between vocational education and the ordinary one is being sought persistently. To adapt to the needs of economic and industrial development in the later period of industrialization,we should maintain the present scale of vocational education,pay attention to the quality improvement, and gradually establish a relatively complete system of vocational education.Furthermore,we should adjust the professional structure and curriculum to adapt to the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure and the needs of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.And unified national vocational qualification certification and accreditation system shall be formulated to enhance the attractiveness of the vocational education.