生命伦理视角下精神病患者回归社会研究

Research of the Psychopaths' Return to Society from the Perspective of Bioethics

精神病患者长期以来被污名化、标签化和边缘化,使其难以真正回归社会。除了精神病患者自身的原因,家庭不堪重负、医疗机构的科层体制、社区民众的排斥是精神病患者回归社会面临的主要障碍。从关爱生命、关注尊严、尊重人权的视角看,社区和家庭应对精神病患者真正实现回归社会担负起更多的社会责任与伦理责任,从而使其感受尊严、重拾自信、融入社会。在具体实践中,不仅要靠患者的自我觉醒,还需要有家属的支持、邻里的包容和医护方面的投入,构建以"去机构化"为特征的社区治疗体制,通过各种媒介宣传努力实现精神病患的去污名化,满足精神病患者"回家看看"的心理需求,使其最终能真正融入社会。

Psychopaths have long been stigmatized,labeled and marginalized,which has made it hard for them to return to the human society.In addition to the psychopaths’own problems,the family burden,the hierar-chical system of medical institutions,and the community’s rejection are the main barriers for them to return to the society.From the perspective of life loving,dignity concern and human right respect,communities and fami-lies should assume greater social and ethical responsibility to help the psychopaths to realize their desire of“re-turning to society”,thus helping the mentally-ill people regain dignity and confidence,and eventually integrate themselves into the society.In practice,the patient’s self-awareness,family to support,neighborhood tolerance and work of the medical personnel are all needed.It is essential to build a community treatment system charac-terized of deinstitutionalization,to realize the de-stigmatization of the psychopaths by multiple media publicity, to satisfy their psychological need of“returning home”,so as to make them integrate into the community.