16-18世纪法国体育运动的发展历程——阅读三大卷巨著《身体的历史》札记之二

Sports Development in France During the 16th to 18th Centuries——Reading Notes II of the Three Volumes of the Great Work “The History of the Body”

通过阅读三大卷巨著《身体的历史》以及参阅其它文献基本还原出了文艺复兴至启蒙运动时期法国体育运动的变迁过程:(1)16和17世纪法国贵族的体育运动经历了由武力(暴力)向优雅的转变过程对锻炼所做的修正,都毫无疑问清晰地揭示了这种转变。特别是在竞技中,暴力有所减弱,而强调对身体的掌控和不俗的仪表,最后还创建了真正的宫廷礼仪,这些都很好地见证了法国贵族拥有的崭新的身体文化。(2)法国贵族体育竞技的不断演变,导致了自由民团体的竞相模仿从而使得体育运动四处传播,同时由于在空间和时间上处于分散状态导致了法国自由民(平民)体育运动的混乱性和不统一性。法国平民的体育竞技经历了由竞技赌博、暴力控制直到健康身体观逐渐出现的缓慢过程。(3)在文艺复兴后期出现了体育科学化的争鸣与革新过程。

By reading the three volumes of great work ＂the History of the Body＂ and lots of other documents, this paper relives the changing process of French sports during the Renaissance：（1） the French noble sports experienced the transformation of sports from force to elegance. （2） The continuing evolution of the French noble sports led to the spread of civilian imitation and the chaos and disunity of French civilian sports due to the scattered state in space and time. French civilian sports witnessed a sloe transformation from sports gambling, violence control to the concept of healthy body. （3） Scientific ideas of sports and innovation process appeared in the late Renaissance.