阳明学与“报德学”运动——幕末明治时期日本“德化教育”作用的思考

Wang Yangming Thought and the Repay Virtue Thought Movement——Reflections on the “Kyoka Education”in Bakumatsu and Meiji Periods of Japan

日本幕末时期,国家内忧外患,为解决社会上诸多问题,出现了心学运动和报德思想运动。明治后期,国家面对社会危机,仍然提倡"二学",实行德化教育,以打造新日本国民形象,阳明学和报德学均提倡忠孝、至诚和实行等,体现了德行伦理内核。但是道德规范并非法律法范,不能作为"戒律"或"禁条",这在中国历史上和日本近代道德教化实践中都有过教训。世界上各民族都有自己的道德法律教育传承方式,这在中国贵州黔东南苗族侗族文化中应有保留。

In the Bakumatsu period of Japan, due to the national malaise, and in order to solve social problems, there appeared Wang Yangming Thought Movement and the Repay Virtue Thought Movement. In late Meiji, Japan was facing with social crisis, it still advocated the ＂two thoughts＂ , and implemented the Kyoka education so as to build an image of a new Japanese study. Both Wang Yangming Thought and the Repay Virtue Thought advocated filial piety, sincere and good practice, such as, kernel embodies the virtue ethics. But the code of ethics is not a legal method of norm, nor a ＂law＂ or ＂ban＂, which was taken as a lesson in the moral education practice in modem history of China and Japan. All ethnic groups in the world has their own way of moral education law tradition, it should be retained in Miao and Dong ethnic culture in the southeast of Guizhou, China.