中国民族国家构建过程中的民族主义

On the Nationalism in the Process of Building Chinese Nation

构建民族国家是近代中国抵御外辱和实现民族独立和解放的必然要求。在西学东渐的影响下,无数仁人志士发现民族主义在西方民族国家构建过程中起到的关键性作用,因而引入民族主义作为中国建立民族国家的有力工具。在中国民族国家构建过程中民族主义起到了增强对中华民族的认同、为政府和政党提供合法性、政治动员、为民族国家进行合法性论证等作用。当前,应充分利用民族主义中有利于增强民众对国家认同和国家动员能力的合理内核,与此同时要提防其可能走向极端、狭隘并导致沙文主义、种族主义和分离主义等消极后果,注意到民族主义的两面性才能真正促进中国民族国家的发展。

Building nation state was an inevitable requirement at modem China to resist outside and realize the national independ- ence and liberation. With the influence of western learning, some Chinese people found nationalism play a key role at nation state building process in western countries. So, they introduced nationalism to China as a powerful tool to build a nation state. In the process of building Chinese nation state, nationalism could increase the identity of the Chinese nation, provide legitimacy of gov- ernment, be good for political mobilization and demonstrate legitimacy for nation state. Nowadays, we should make full use of the reasonable kernel in the nationalism which is to the benefit of strengthening the public＇ s national identity and the public＇ s na- tional mobilization. At the same time, we are aware of falling into the extreme and the parochialism even leading to some negative consequences such as the chauvinism, the racialism, the separatism and so on. Only in this way can we really promote the devel- opment of Chinese nation - state.