白木香叶挥发油的提取工艺对比研究

The Comparative Extraction Process of Volatile Oil from Leaves of Aquilaria sinensis

研究以白木香树叶为原料,采用水蒸气蒸馏法、超临界CO2萃取法、酶法与超临界萃取联用工艺提取挥发油,并使用GC-MS对三种工艺提取的挥发油进行了化学成分检测,结果表明,三种工艺提取挥发油的得率依次为酶法与超临界萃取>超临界萃取>水蒸气蒸馏。水蒸气蒸馏法挥发油检测成分40种,主要成分为饱和脂肪酸、脂肪醇和酯类化合物,含有少量香味物质如丁酸乙酯、左旋香芹酮、新植二烯和木焦醇;超临界萃取法挥发油检测出成分47种,相比水蒸气蒸馏法增加的化学组分为:金合欢基丙酮、角鲨烯、(-)-地芰普内酯、柠檬烯、甲位紫罗兰酮、乙位紫罗兰酮和二氢猕猴桃内酯;酶法与超临界萃取法联用工艺提取挥发油检测出成分48种,相比前两种方法多出了四种香味物质,分别为:对甲氧基苯乙酮、2-十一烯醛、水杨酸苄酯和三甲基吡嗪。

Steam distillation method, supercritical CO2 fluid extraction method, combined process of enzymic method and SFE were used to extract volatile oil from leaves of Aquilaria sinensis and the chemical composition was analyzed by GCMS, results indicate that the order of the yield of three methods is combined process of enzymic method and SFEsupercritical CO2 fluid extraction methodsteam distillation method. 40 components were identified from volatile oil extracted by steam distillation method which were mainly saturated fatty acid, fatty alcohol and esters, a small amount of aroma components such as ethyl butyrate, L-carvone, neophytadiene and lignoceric alcohol were also contained. 47 components were identified from volatile oil extracted by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction method, the added components compared with steam distillation were farnesyl acetone, squalene,（-）-loliolide, limonene, alpha-Ionone, beta-Ionone anddihy droactinidiolide. 48 components were identified from volatile oil extracted by combined process of enzymic method and SFE, 4 added aroma components compared with the first two methods were p-methoxy acetophenone, 2-undecenal, benzyl salicylate and three methyl imidacloprid.