儿童麻疹流行的临床特点及基因特征

Clinical features and genetic characteristics of measles in children

目的：探讨儿童麻疹流行的临床特点及基因特征，为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析2012年3－8月38例麻疹患儿的临床特点，用逆转录‐聚合酶链反应（RT‐PCR）检测麻疹患者的咽拭子病毒标本，对部分PC R扩增阳性的片段进行研究基因测序、并绘制系统进化树进行同源性分析。结果38例麻疹患者咽拭子标本中经RT‐PCR检测阳性32例，阳性率84．2％；随机选择8例阳性标本进行基因测序，均为 H1 a基因亚型；与该型参考株A F045205﹑A F045206核苷酸同源性为98．0％～99．0％。结论麻疹病毒流行优势株均是 H1 a基因亚型，无输入性的其他亚型出现。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical features and genetic characteristics of measles in children ,so as to provide references for clinical treatments .METHODS The clinical features of 38 measles patients from Mar .2012 to Aug .2013 were analyzed retrospectively ,then the reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction （RT‐PCR） was adopted to detect throat swab specimens from suspected measles patients ,the sequence of the part of the PCR products was analyzed ,and a phylogenetic tree to conduct a homology analysis was drawn .RESULTS A total of 32 cases in the 38 measles patients were positive （84 .2% ） in RT‐PCR detection of throat swab samples .The H1a genotype was the only one genotype in the detected sequence of 8 measles virus strains and the nucleotide homolo‐gy between H1a genotype and the reference strain （AF045205 , AF045206 ） was from 98 .0% to 99 .0% . CONCLUSION H1 a genotype is the ascendant subtypes of the local epidemic strains ,no other foreign subtype ap‐peared right now .