经济扩张与社会保护——从波兰尼的“双向运动”看美国霸权体系

Economic Expansion and Social Protection:Balance of Profit and Cost:An Analysis of American Hegemony from the Perspective of Polanyi' s “Double Movement”

波兰尼提出了"双向运动"的概念,他认为,国家政策摇摆于经济扩张收益与社会保护成本的制衡之间;资本扩张与秩序维护形成了体系层面的"双向运动",霸权国则扮演了"体系中的政府"这一角色。国际体系的"双向运动"的矛盾焦点,在于经济扩张的同时如何维护国际层面及国内层面的秩序。美国霸权在这个问题上表现出相当娴熟的策略与技巧,利用国际多边机制使其成本外部化且将收益内部化,但美国的霸权也未能彻底克服"双向运动"带来的冲击与影响,存在着软肋与局限性。

By expounding the concept of“double movement”raised by Karl Polanyi,the article elaborates on the interactions among the market,society and the nation,proposing that public policy is contained by the balance of economic profits and social costs.From this perspective,the article tries to put forward that capital expansion and order maintaining form “double movement”in the international system,and the role of “government in the system”is performed by the hegemony.With American hegemony as a case in point,it makes great use of international multilateral regimes to externalize the cost and internalize the profits;however,there are still limits in it which determines its inability to overcome the impact brought by “double movement”.