略论秦代社会保障体系的构建

On the Building of the Social Security System in Qin Dynasty

在我国古代社会的发展进程中,秦代社会保障体系的构建颇具特色。秦代较高的社会经济水平、保民思想的发展、政治制度的完善与水陆交通的拓展,为构建社会保障体系提供了较为坚实的社会基础。社会救济、养老保障和社会福利等方面的多轨并行与实施,使秦代社会保障体系初具规模,渐趋完善。政府在秦代社会保障体系中的主导作用,以及实施过程中的程序化、法律化,确保了社会保障的执行力度和成效。然而,道德虽已成为维系秦代社会保障体系的重要因素,但秦代社会保障中的等级差别,加之政府对民众自身保障能力的忽视与破坏,却使社会保障具有的维护社会安定等功能难以正常发挥,甚至丧失殆尽。

In the process of the development of Chinese ancient society,the building of the social security system was distinctive in Qin Dynasty. Because of the development of economy,thoughts,political system and traffic conditions,a solid foundation for the building of social security system was set up. With the implementation of social relief,old-age insurance and social welfare in Qin Dynasty,the social security system was well established. The effectiveness of social security was ensured by the government who played a leading role in the social security system,its procedure and legalization in Qin Dynasty. However,due to the grade differentia in the social security and the people's own security ability neglected and damaged by the government,the social security lost its functions of maintaining social stability.