试论词汇语义要素的焦点位阶

On the Attention Status of Lexical-semantic Component

词义要素的焦点位阶是俄罗斯语言学家帕杜切娃词义动态研究中的一个重要概念,她将句法语义研究的基本方法——述位突显和主位突显引入词义分析层面,指出二者其实是同质异构现象,在进入交际领域之前词义各组成要素的交际地位已有高下之分。该思想颠覆了词义研究的传统模式和词典释义模式,对于解释词义变化的成因具有积极作用,对于面向信息处理的词汇研究也具有重要的借鉴价值。

The attention status of semantic component is proposed by Russian linguist E. M. Paducheva concerning semantic exten- sion. Paducheva adopts basic conceptions in syntactic semantics, i. e., thematic prominence and rhematic prominence, in the study at lexical level. She points out that the two conceptions demonstrate an isomeric phenomenon, and that different semantic components are categorilized in terms of communication status before they access communication practice. This claim imposes great influence on the interpretation of semantic change, overthrowing the traditional research and explanation models of seman- tics. In such a sense, it provides certern suggestions for information-oriented semantic researches.