秸秆覆盖对土壤水分动态变化及玉米产量的影响

The Effects of Straw Mulching on Soil Moisture Dynamic Change and the Maize Yield

[目的]研究黑龙江省松嫩平原地区秸秆覆盖的节水增产问题.[方法]以野外实测数据为基础,分析了不同秸秆覆盖条件下,土壤的含水率、玉米的生长状况及土壤水分利用效率.[结果]秸秆覆盖条件下土壤含水率整体高于无覆盖处理,其中10 t/hm2秸秆覆盖量下,土壤0 ～40 cm土层中土壤含水率最高,土壤的保水能力最强;秸秆覆盖条件下,玉米的生长性状明显优于无覆盖处理,体现出较强的优势;10 t/hm2处理条件下,作物的产量及土壤水利用效率最高.[结论]该研究为松嫩平原地区秸秆覆盖技术的科学实施提供理论基础.

[ Objective] In order to study the straw mulching for water-saving production problems in Heilongjiang Province of the SongnenPlain area. [ Method] Based on the field measured data, the soil moisture content, maize growth and soil water use efficiency under differentconditions of straw mulching were analyzed. [ Result] The soil moisture content under the conditions of straw mulching was higher than no cov-er processing as a whole. Among them,under the straw mulching quantity of 10 t/hm2 ,the soil moisture content was highest in 0 -40 cm soillayer, the soil water retention ability was the strongest. Under the straw mulching conditions, the growth of corn shape was better than no coverprocessing,reflected a strong advantage. At the same time,under the straw mulching quantity of 10 t/hm2 , the crop yield and soil water use ef-ficiency was the highest. [ Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for science for straw mulching technology in Songnen Plain region.