黄河流域内蒙古区间降雨径流模拟及水量平衡分析

Rainfall-runoff simulation and the water balance analysis of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia interval

以黄河内蒙古流域为研究区,利用GIS/RS技术获取流域水循环空间分布信息,选取黄河上游石嘴山、中游万家寨水文站为研究区的入、出站,利用近30年的降水等气象资料和近10年的水文资料,构建了基于SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)分布式水文模型的黄河流域内蒙古区间的降雨径流模型。通过对模型的校准、验证,初步分析了该区间降水与径流量的关系及水量平衡。结果表明:黄河流域内蒙古区间农用灌溉、池塘蓄水等人为因素对径流量的影响要大于气候变化对其的影响;且在干旱的气候条件下,降水少,蒸散发量较大,从年尺度上看,通过降雨形成的径流量是非常有限的。构建的模型基本能够反映黄河流域内蒙古的月径流水文过程,水量平衡分析也揭示了当地干旱气候下径流的特征。

The Yellow River in Inner Mongolia interval was chosen as the study area,and the data of water cycle space distribution was obtained by GIS /RS technology. Shizuishan and Wanjiazhai hydrological stations at the upstream of Yellow River in the study area were selected respectively as the inlet and outlet. Using nearly 30 years of rainfall and other meteorological data and nearly 10 years of hydrological data,the rainfall- runoff model based on distributed hydrological model of SWAT was set up. After a systematic parameter calibration and validation,a preliminary analysis of the precipitation- runoff and water balance were taken. The result showed that the influence of human factors,such as agricultural irrigation and water of pond storage. etc,were greater than the impact of climate change on the runoff,and in the arid climate,because the evaporation quantity was much larger than rainfall,runoff formed by rainfall in yearly scale was very limited. In general,the simulation system could reflect the inflow runoff process perfectly. The water balance analysis also revealed the local arid climate runoff characteristics.