中国民族高等教育领域外语专业教育发展研究——以中国民族院校为考察中心

Development of foreign language majors in China's ethnic higher education: An investigation into universities and colleges for nationalities in China

迄今为止我国民族院校外语专业教育发展仍是民族高等教育和高等外语教育研究领域的空白。本文考察了我国民族院校外语专业教育不同办学层次的发展历程。研究结果表明,我国民族院校外语专业教育在20世纪90年代中后期之前以专科教育为主,之后逐渐以本科教育为主,21世纪以来研究生教育积极发展。从民族高等教育学和高等外语教育学的双重视角来审视,民族院校外语专业教育发展存在办学层次不平衡、部分院校语种结构不合理、多数院校办学缺乏民族特色等问题。文章进而对我国民族院校外语专业教育的未来发展提出了具体建议:(1)采取不同着力点的多层次办学思路;(2)调整和优化语种结构,体现地缘语种优势特色;(3)教育内容和手段融合少数民族语言与文化,彰显民族院校外语专业教育的民族特色。

The development of foreign language major education （FLME） in universities and colleges for nationalities （UCN） has been a long-existing gap in the research fields of higher education for nationalities and in foreign languages in China. This paper presents a report on the development of FLME at different levels in UCN, which reveals that the mid and late 1990s witnessed a gradual shift of FLME from higher vocational programs to undergraduate programs, and since 2000 postgraduate programs have been on the rise. From the perspectives of the study of higher education for nationalities and in foreign languages, FLME at UCN is currently facing such problems as the disequilibrium in the educational hierarchy, the inappropriateness in foreign language program structures at some UCN, and the lack of ethnic features at most UCN. The paper therefore puts forward some suggestions for the future development of FLME at UCN ： （ 1 ） a multi-level approach should be adopted in the education, with different emphases placed at different levels ; （2） the structure of foreign language programs should be adjusted and optimized at all levels, with geopolitical advantages embodied in language selection and choice ; （3） languages and cultures pertinent to ethnic minorities should be integrated into the content and implementation of foreign language programs, with ethnic features highlight- ed in the education.