谈“档案”一词的构词及词素来源

Views on Word formation and Morpheme Source of ＂Archive＂

文章首先说明了“档案”一词作为一个双音合成词，是通过对满语“ ”（Dangse）一词的翻译，音译与意译相结合的产物，并通过《清文汇书》、《五体清文鉴》等的实证加以证明；其次说明词素“档”在此前的古汉语发展中从未成为过文档名词的词素，只是在满语翻译中音、意结合翻译而成为文档名词的词素；最后，文章说明了词素“案”从秦汉开始，就是文档名词中的重要词素，并且一直呈上升趋势，在清代达到了高峰，成就了“档案”一词的翻译合成。

In the first part, this paper illustrated that, ＂Archive＂, as a two-syllabled compound word, was a Chinese translation of the word＂ ＂（Dangse）in Manchu language. It was the combination of transliteration and free translation, and can be proved by Qing Wen Hui Shu and Wu Ti Qing Wen Jian these two books. It was made clear in the second part that in former development of Ancient Chinese, the morpheme ＂Dang＂ had never been a morpheme of documental nouns until the combination of transliteration and free translation in Manchu translation. At the end of this paper, it illustrated that, the morpheme ＂An＂ had al- ways been a major morpheme of documental nouns since Qin and Han Dynasties, and its frequency of use had been on the rise since then and reached its peak in Qing Dynasty. As a result, ＂Dang＂ and ＂An＂ were combined in translation.