间伐和树体改造对柑橘密闭园产量和品质的影响及效益分析

Effects of Different Thinning and Tree Form Improving Methods on Yield and Quality in Airtight Citrus Orchard and Its Economic Benefits

以“鄂柑1号”椪柑密闭园为试材,设计隔行间伐（A）和隔株间伐（B）2种处理和不间伐的对照（CK）,对它们的光照、树体生长、叶片干物质和叶绿素以及产量和品质的相关指标进行测定分析.3年的结果表明,各处理树冠内0-200 cm的光照强度远高于对照;除CK外,各处理的树冠覆盖率在3年间均逐渐增加,但B和A均小于CK;各处理叶片干物质含量和叶片叶绿素含量均显著高于对照;2种处理的公顷单产量在间伐当年均明显低于CK的,但到间伐第三年就可恢复,其公顷单产量与CK相当;3年果园改造后各处理的平均单果重、果皮亮度值（L）、果皮色泽指数（a/b）、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸的含量、优质果率等品质指标均好于CK,具体表现为处理A、B的明显好于CK的;各处理每年的修剪和病虫害防治成本大大降低,具体表现为A＜B＜CK.因此,适宜的间伐和树体改造方式除在短时间内产量有一定下降外,可从根本上改善果园光照状况、增加叶片干物质含量,提高光合效率和果品质量,而且从较大程度上降低生产成本,进而提高经济效益.

The ‘E’gan citrus No.1＇ ponkan airtight orchard was used,and two different thinning methods were interlaced thinning （A）,septum strain thinning （B） and the control （CK）.The related indexes of illumination,growth,dry matter weight of leaf,leaf chlorophyll content and fruit yield ＆ quality were analyzed.The results showed that in terms of the intensity of illumination from 0-200 cm height in the crown,the treatments A and B were higher than CK.In different treatments except CK,despite the different levels of growth of coverage rate of crown,B and A treatments were less than CK.The leaf dry matter weight and leaf chlorophyll content of the two treatments were also significantly higher than that of control.In terms of yield,two different treatments were significantly lower than that of the control per acre in the first year,but the yield recovered in the third year with the output of per acre equal to that of CK.The average weight,the skin brightness value （L）,The skin color index （a/b）,total soluble solids,soluble sugars,titration acid and the rate of high quality fruits of different thinning methods were higher than that of CK.Every year the groups of pruning and pest control cost reduced greatly.Specific performance was A＜B＜CK.Appropriate thinning and tree form improving methods in addition to the production had a certain decline in a short time,could fundamentally improve the orchard illumination condition,increase leaf dry matter content,improve the efficiency of photosynthesis and fruit quality,and from a large extent,reduce the production cost,and improve the economic benefit.