废弃电子塑料在超临界异丙醇中的液化特性

Liquefaction properties of waste electrical plastic in supercritical isopropanol

研究了废弃含溴化阻燃剂的电子塑料在超临界异丙醇中的液化特性.研究结果表明塑料在超临界异丙醇中发生了解聚,产生油、气以及固体残渣,塑料中的溴化阻燃剂发生了脱溴降解.反应时间、固/液比、溶剂填充度对塑料解聚及阻燃剂脱溴降解影响较大,在最佳工艺条件(温度:400℃,反应时间:60min,固/液比:1/10,溶剂填充度:50%)下获得60%的产油率及95.3%的脱溴率.油以苯系物及酚类物质为主要组成物质,其热值为37.5MJ/kg.超临界异丙醇处理含溴化阻燃剂塑料主要包括溴化阻燃剂的萃取、脱溴降解和塑料高温解聚等过程.

Liquefaction properties of waste electrical plastic containing brominated flame retardant （BFR） in supercritical isopropanol were investigated. Results indicated that the plastic was degraded to oil, gas and solid residue. Simultaneously, BFR was debrominated. The degradation efficiencies, oil yields, debromination efficiencies and oil composition were significantly influenced by reaction time, solid/solvent ratio and solvent filling ratio. Under the optimum conditions （temperature： 400℃, reaction time： 60min, solid/solvent ratio： 1/10, solvent filling ratio： 50%）, the oil yield and debromination efficiency were 60%and 95.3%, respectively. The oil was composed of benzene substances and phenolic compounds without organobromine compounds. The calorific value of oil was 37.5MJ/kg. The mechanism of treatment of plastic containing BFR was proposed：BFR was firstly abstracted by supercritical fluid and then decomposed in the fluid;the plastic was also decomposed at higher temperature.