发现甲骨：考古学史的视角和写法

The Discovery of Oracle Bones:Visual Angle and Writing Principles for Compiling the History of Archaeology

本文在辨析对安阳甲骨发现的若干误解基础之上,提出甲骨的发现不是行为意义上的发现,而是认知意义上的发现。甲骨的发现不是由一个特定的学者一次性完成的,而是由刘鹗《铁云藏龟》、孙诒让《契文举例》和罗振玉《殷墟书契前编》三个环节构成的。发现甲骨的讨论也不应该将古董掮客和古董市场排除在外,古董商在安阳甲骨的早期流布和收藏中的地位正说明甲骨收藏存在一个"前甲骨学时代"。因此,甲骨发现的学术史讨论有助于我们反思对中国考古学史的理解和写作。

Based on identifying certain mis-interpretations on the discovery of oracle bones in Anyang, the present paper proposes that the term ＂discovery＂ refers to intellectual establishment more than the behavior of physically locating and collecting. In the intellectual meaning, the discovery of oracle bones consists of three successive steps, represented by Liu E＇ s Tieyun Cang Gui, Sun Yirang＇ s Qiwen Juli and Luo Zhenyu＇ s Yinxu Shuqi Qian Bian. It is not reasonable to attribute the discovery of oracle bones inscriptions to the actions of encountering and collecting oracle bones of a specific recognized scholar, especially when the direct evidence lacks. Besides, the antiquaries and antique markets should not be excluded from the early history of finding and collecting oracle bones. Their contribution proves that there is an era of collecting oracle bones in the antiquarianist fashion before the establishment of the study of oracle bone inscription. Therefore, the debate on the intellectual history of the finding of oracle bones is significant to realize re-considering the understanding and writing of the history of Chinese archaeology.