沈阳市2004-2013年肾综合征出血热疫情监测分析

Surveillance and analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Shenyang, China, from 2004 to 2013

目的通过对2004-2013年沈阳市肾综合征出血热(HFRS)监测资料分析,了解近10年沈阳市HFRS流行变化趋势。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对沈阳市2004-2013年HFRS监测资料进行统计学分析。结果 2004-2013年沈阳市共报告HFRS病例2253例,发病呈现逐年下降态势,发病率及死亡率不断降低。无暴发疫情,均为散发病例。发病主要集中在于洪区、和平区、皇姑区、铁西区、沈北新区、东陵区和新民市,7个地区占全市报告总例数的70.88%(1597/2253);发病有明显的季节性,呈现出春季和秋冬季2个季节高峰,春峰明显高于秋冬峰;男性发病多于女性,男女性别比为3∶1;以青壮年居多;职业分布以农民、家务待业者为主。鼠种分布居民区、野外优势种分别为褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠,鼠密度及鼠带病毒率相对稳定。结论沈阳市HFRS疫情呈现稳步下降趋势,说明近些年采取以疫苗接种为主的综合性防治措施已初显成效。但鼠密度和鼠带病毒率仍然处于较高水平,依然存在HFRS发生的隐患。

Objective To analyze the surveillance data of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome （HFRS） in Shenyang, China, from 2004 to 2013 and to assess the trend of HFRS epidemic in the past ten years. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the surveillance data of HFRS in Shenyang from 2004 to 2013. Results A total of 2253 cases of HFRS were reported in Shenyang from 2004 to 2013. The incidence and mortality showed a decreasing trend year by year. There was no epidemic outbreak, and all the cases were sporadic. Of all the HFRS cases reported, 70.88% （1597/2253） were observed in seven districts： Yuhong district, Heping district, Huanggu district, Tiexi district, Shenbei New Area, Dongling district, and Xinmin city. The incidence of HFRS showed marked seasonal characteristics, and the peaks of incidence appeared in spring and autumn-winter periods. The number of the cases reported in spring was higher than that in autumn-winter periods. The incidence rate in males was three times higher than that in females. The analysis of age groups and occupational distribution showed that the most affected individuals were young adults, and farmers or unemployed, respectively. Apodemus agrarius and Rattus non）egicus were the predominant reservoir hosts in the residential area and field, respectively. The population density of host animals and the virus-carrying rate were relatively stable. Conclusion The steady descending trend of HFRS epidemic in Shenyang could be related to the success of comprehensive prevention and control measures. Both the population density and the virus-carrying rate among the host animals remain high, so there is still a potential danger of HFRS epidemic.