饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白质水平对蛋鸭产蛋性能的影响

Effects of Dietary Metabolizable Energy and Crude Protein Levels on Laying Performance of Laying Ducks

本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能（ ME）和粗蛋白质（ CP）水平对蛋鸭产蛋期不同阶段产蛋性能的影响。采用3×3两因子完全随机试验设计, ME 水平分别为10.88、10.46和10.04 MJ/kg,CP水平分别为18.26%、17.07%和16.42%,选取刚开产的福建龙岩麻鸭1674羽,随机分为9个组,每组6个重复,每个重复31羽。试验共持续32周。结果表明：1）产蛋初期（16-18周龄）,饲粮ME 和CP水平均未显著影响蛋鸭产蛋率、平均蛋重、日产蛋重和料蛋比（ P〉0.05）。饲粮ME和CP水平对蛋鸭平均蛋重有显著的交互作用（ P〈0.05）。2）产蛋高峰期（19-39周龄）,饲粮 ME 水平显著影响蛋鸭平均蛋重（P〈0.05）。饲粮 ME 水平为10.88和10.46 MJ/kg组的平均蛋重显著高于10.04 MJ/kg组（ P〈0.05）。饲粮CP水平未显著影响蛋鸭产蛋率、平均蛋重、日产蛋重和料蛋比（P〉0.05）。饲粮ME 和CP水平对蛋鸭产蛋率、平均蛋重、日产蛋重和料蛋比没有显著的交互作用（P〉0.05）。3）产蛋后期（40-47周龄）,饲粮ME水平为10.46 MJ/kg组的产蛋率和日产蛋重显著高于10.04 MJ/kg组（ P〈0.05）；10.88 MJ/kg组的平均蛋重显著高于10.46和10.04 MJ/kg组（ P〈0.05）。饲粮CP水平为18.26%组的产蛋率、日产蛋重显著高于17.07%和16.42%组（P〈0.05）,料蛋比显著低于17.07%和16.42%组（P〈0.05）。饲粮ME和CP水平对蛋鸭日产蛋重有显著的交互作用（ P〈0.05）。综合考虑产蛋性能指标,产蛋初期、高峰期和后期龙岩麻鸭饲粮适宜的 ME 和 CP 水平分别为10.88、10.46、10.46 MJ/kg和17.07%、17.07%、18.26%,每日ME和CP需要量分别为1.47、1.60、1.48 MJ和22.96、26.16、25.81 g,饲粮的蛋能比分别为15.62、16.35、17.44 g/MJ。

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary metabolizable energy （ ME ） and crude protein （ CP） levels on laying performance of laying ducks during different laying periods. Three dietary ME levels （10.88, 10.46 and 10.04 MJ/kg） and three dietary CP levels （18.26%, 17.07% and 16.42%） were designed using a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. A total of one thousand six hundred and seventy four Longyan shelduck during initial-egg-laying period were randomly allotted to 9 groups with 6 replicates per group and 31 birds in each replicate. The experiment lasted for 32 weeks. The results showed as follows：1） in the early laying period （ 16 to 18 weeks of age） , dietary ME and CP levels did not significantly affect egg pro-duction, average egg weight, egg mass and ratio of feed to egg （ P〉0.05） . Significant interaction between ME and CP levels on the average egg weight was observed （P〈0.05）. 2） In the peak laying period （19 to 39 weeks of age） , dietary ME level had a significant effect on the average egg weight （ P〈0.05） . Compared with dietary 10.04 MJ/kg ME group, the average egg weight was significantly increased in 10.88 and 10.46 MJ/kg ME groups （ P〈0.05） . No significant interactions between dietary ME and CP levels on laying performance in-cluding egg production, the average egg weight, egg mass and feed to egg ratio were observed （ P〉0.05） . 3） In the late laying period （40 to 47 weeks of age）, dietary 10.46 MJ/kg ME group had higher egg mass than 10.04 MJ/kg ME group （P〈0.05）. Much heavier average egg weight was found in 10.88 MJ/kg ME group than that in other two ME groups. Dietary 18.26% CP group had higher egg production, egg mass and lower feed to egg ratio than those in 17.07% and 16.42% CP groups （ P〈0.05） . Significant interaction between ME and CP levels on egg mass was observed （P〈0.05）. The results suggest that the optimal dietary ME and CP levels for laying ducks during the early, peak and late laying period are 10. 88, 10.46, 10. 46 MJ/kg and 17.07%, 17.07%, 18.26%, respectively, base on the laying performance. Dietary ME and CP requirements are 1.47, 1.60, 1.48 MJ and 22.96, 26.16, 25.81 g, respectively. The corresponding dietary CP to ME ratio are 15.62, 16.35, 17.44 g/MJ, respectively.