2013年吉林省农村环境卫生状况调查分析

Status of rural environmental hygiene in Jilin province 2013

目的调查分析吉林省农村环境卫生现状,掌握农村环境卫生健康危害因素,为环境卫生治理提供科学依据。方法按照分层随机抽样,选吉林省9个市(州)的9个县(市),每市(州)选择5个乡(镇)(不含城关镇),每个乡镇选取4个行政村,每个行政村中选取5户家庭进行调查并分析。结果农村居民供水方式以集中式供水为主;卫生厕所占总户厕的23.76%;垃圾和污水处理设施匮乏,县以及县以下的污水和垃圾处理覆盖人口比例分别是34.46%和29.55%,且以县城城区人口为主占绝大部分;生活垃圾定点堆放占58.89%;生活污水以随意排放为主,占56.78%。家庭户饮生水率为29.11%;被调查户家庭成员在2 w内有7.78%出现腹泻症状,5.67%有腹痛症状发生,发热症状发生率为5.89%。结论农村环境卫生设施匮乏,农村垃圾、污水和粪便无害化处理率低,环境卫生状况需进一步改善。

Objective To analyze environmental hygiene status in rural areas of Jilin province, and provide science basis for the management of environment. Methods Five families in each village from 20 villages in each county of 9 counties were selected and investigated by tile simple random sampling and investigation method. Results Centralized water supply was the main style in the investigated counties. Sanitary latrines quantity accounted for 23.76% in all household latrines. How- ever, there was a lack of waste treatment facilities. Only 34.46% of the population at county level and 29. 55% under county level were covered,and most township residents were covered by wastewater treatment systems. Family garbage col- lection occupied 52.78%. 56. 78% of all families exhausted dirty water. 29. 11% of households drank unboiled water. In 2 weeks of household surveys, the attack rates were 7.78% for diarrhoea, 5.67% for abdominal pain, and 5.89% for fe- ver. Conclusion Treatment rate of waste water garbage is low in rural areas . It is urgent to improve the environmental sanitation in rural region.