不纯正不作为犯等价性考量的具体标准研究

On Specific Criteria for Equivalence Consideration of Impure Negative Offenders

等价性理论是为解决处罚不纯正不作为犯和罪刑法定原则之间的冲突而提出来。等价性是犯罪可罚的等价性,是对行为人进行处罚的根据,而不是决定行为人正犯的等价性。判断不纯正不作为犯成立在思维逻辑层面有三个步骤。等价性判断的内容是社会危害性的严重程度、犯罪性质等。等价性考量的具体标准是:(1)特别行为要素;(2)保证人地位;(3)行为人对法益侵害具有排他的支配力;(4)法益面临现实、紧迫的危险。

The theory, of equivalence is proposed to solve the conflicts between the punishments for impure negative crime and the principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specific crime. The equivalence is taken as the basis for punishing the offenders, rather than the judgments for the principal status of the offenders. In accordance with the thinking logic, there are lhree steps to confirm an impure negative offender, while the contents of equivalence judgment include the severity of the social harms and criminal nature. Equivalence consideration has four specific criteria： （1） special behavioral factors; （2） the guarantor＇ s status; （3） the offender exclusively dominates the legal interest infringement; （4） the legal interest is facing realistic and imminent danger.