5种过敏性皮肤病患儿过敏原检测结果分析

Analysis on allergen detection results of children with five kinds of allergic dermatitis

目的:研究儿童常见过敏原种类和分布,及其在不同年龄段、不同类型过敏性皮肤病、不同季节的过敏性皮肤病患者过敏原的差异。方法 :采用生物共振技术对3 426例儿童过敏性皮肤病患儿进行过敏原检测。结果:3 426例患者中,过敏原检测结果阳性3 220例(93.99%),其中食入和吸入阳性率分别为81.93%和39.75%,混合阳性率35.90%;5种过敏性疾病的食入组阳性率分别为78.12%、89.57%、91.49%、91.24%和69.99%,吸入组阳性率分别为31.79%、39.05%、58.51%、39.69%、36.29%和39.8%。过敏原检测阳性率最高者为异位性皮炎,其次为荨麻疹、过敏性紫癜、湿疹及皮炎。鸡蛋、牛奶是常见的食物性过敏原,屋尘和花粉是常见的吸入性过敏原;随年龄增长,吸入性过敏原阳性率逐升高,食物性过敏原较婴儿期减少;异位性皮炎、荨麻疹、过敏性紫癜与过敏的关系较湿疹皮炎更为密切,尤其是异位性皮炎;夏秋两季是儿童过敏性皮肤病的高发季节。结论 :不同年龄、不同过敏性皮肤病、不同季节的过敏性皮肤病患儿过敏原分布不同。过敏原检测可为过敏性皮肤病患儿提供防治依据。

Objective： To research the species and distribution of common allergens in children and the differences of allergens among children with allergic dermatitis of different ages,different types of allergic dermatitis and different seasons in Tianjin. Methods： Biological resonance technology was used to detect allergens among 3 426 children with allergic dermatitis. Results： Among 3 426 children,3 220 children were found with positive allergens（ 93. 99%）,the positive rates of ingested allergens and inhaled allergens were 81. 93% and39. 75%,respectively,the mixed positive rate was 35. 90%; the positive rates of ingested allergens of five kinds of allergic dermatitis were78. 12%,89. 57%,91. 49%,91. 24% and 69. 99%,respectively; the positive rates of inhaled allergens of five kinds of allergic dermatitis were 31. 79%,39. 05%,58. 51%,39. 69% and 36. 29%,respectively. The positive rate of allergens in children with atopic dermatitis was the highest,followed by urticaria,allergic purpura,eczema and dermatitis. Eggs and milk were common food allergens,dust and flower were common inhaled allergens. The positive rate of inhaled allergens increased gradually with age,the positive rate of food allergens in children was lower than that in infants; atopic dermatitis,urticaria,allergic purpura were more closer to allergy compared with eczema and dermatitis,especially atopic dermatitis; the incidence rates of allergic dermatitis among children in summer and autumn were higher than those in spring and winter. Conclusion： The distribution of allergens varies among children with allergic dermatitis of different ages,different types of allergic dermatitis and different seasons in Tianjin; allergen detection can provide a basis for preventing and treating allergic dermatitis in children.