基于沟式栽培的全封闭温室降温方法与作物生长研究

Cooling Method and Vegetable Growth in Closed Greenhouses Based on Ditch Cultivation

利用地温相对恒定、受外界环境影响较小的特点,在全封闭温室内采用沟式栽培法,根据蒸腾量进行补充灌溉,营造适宜作物生长的条件,研究不同沟深栽培条件下温室内环境因子的差异及其对小白菜蒸腾速率、产量和水分生产率的影响。结果表明：高温环境下,0.7 m和0.9 m深度处理的温度较温室内对照CKi有明显的降低,最大温差大于20℃;光照强度随着沟深的增加而减弱,但0.9 m深度处理的光照强度仍能满足光合作用的需求;空气相对湿度基本保持在25%-75%之间,适宜植株生长;水分生产率的大小在各处理中表现为0.9 m〉0.7 m〉0.5 m〉0.25 m〉CKi〉CKo。高温季节0.7 m和0.9 m的深度更适宜小白菜的生长。沟式栽培法可解决全封闭温室的高温、高湿问题,同时可提高作物水分生产率。

Since the soil temperature in closed greenhouses is relatively constant and less influenced by external environment,the ditch cultivation method in closed greenhouses is adopted to conduct tests in this research. Moreover,water is supplied according to the transpiration to create suitable conditions for crops. The differences among the environmental factors of different ditches with various depth and their influences on transpiration rate,yield of Chinese cabbage as well as water productivity are researched.The results show that in high temperature condition the temperature values in 0. 7 m and 0. 9 m（ the depth of the ditch） are reduced obviously compared with CKi（ Check treatment in greenhouse）,and the maximum temperature difference is larger than 20℃. The humidity is maintained between 25% and75%,which is suitable for the growth of crops. The water productivity for each treatment are： 0. 9 m 0. 7 m 0. 5 m 0. 25 m CKi CKo. In high temperature,ditches with the depths of 0. 7 m and 0. 9 m are more suitable for the growth of Chinese cabbage. Therefore,ditch cultivation method can solve the high temperature and high humidity problems of closed greenhouse. Meanwhile,it can improve the crop water productivity.