澳门4个典型湿地的浮游动物群落特征

Characteristics of the Zooplankton Communities in Four Typical Wetlands of Macao

于2012年12月(冬季)、2013年3月(春季)、6月(夏季)和9月(秋季)对澳门4个典型湿地的浮游动物进行了调查,包括其种类组成、密度、优势种以及生物多样性等。结果表明,浮游动物有110种,各采样点浮游动物种类组成均以原生动物和轮虫为主;种类数总体呈现出夏季>秋季>春季>冬季;在空间分布上,筷子基湾>望德圣母湾>莲花大桥滩涂>南湾湖。浮游动物密度在时间分布上,冬季>春季>秋季>夏季,在空间分布上,筷子基湾>莲花大桥滩涂>望德圣母湾>南湾湖。球形急游虫(Strombidium globosaneum)、银灰膜袋虫(Cyclidium glaucoma)、针棘匣壳虫(Centropyxis aculeate)、淡水筒壳虫(Tintinnidium fluviatile)、角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)、疣毛轮虫(Synchaeta sp.)、右突新镖水蚤(Neodiaptomus schmackeri)和桡足类无节幼体是最主要的优势种;浮游动物组成具有明显的热带水体区系特征。

The wetlands of Macao are important stopover sites for international migratory birds and also the winte-ring habitat for the black-faced spoonbill, a rare and endangered bird species.Research on wetland water quality and phytoplankton community structure in reclaimed wetlands, as well as the characteristics of the coastal zone eco-system, has been reported, but a study on the zooplankton community structure of the wetlands has not been repor-ted.We examined zooplankton species composition, density, dominant species and species diversity in four typical wetlands in Macao.The investigation was carried out in December 2012 （winter）, March 2013 （spring）, June 2013 （ summer） and September 2013 （ autumn） and the community structure of the zooplankton was analyzed.Pro-tozoan samples were collected from the water column 0.5 m below the surface water using a water sampler.2 L of water were taken from each sample site, fixed with 5%formalin and concentrated to 50 mL by settling for 24 hours. Metazoan zooplankton samples were taken by passing 50 L water through plankton net （No.13） and preserved with 5%formalin.A total of 110 zooplankton species were identified, along with the dominant population of Protozoa and Rotifera at each sampling site.The number of zooplankton species showed the general tendency of summer〉autumn〉spring〉winter and spatial variation of species number among the four wetlands following the order Fai Chi Kei〉Wang de Notre Dame Bay〉Lotus Flower Bridge〉Nan Vam Lake.The spatial-temporal variations of the zoo-plankton density were shown as follows：winter〉spring〉autumn〉summer and Fai Chi Kei〉Lotus Flower Bridge〉Wang de Notre Dame Bay〉Nan Vam Lake.Strombidium globosaneum, Cyclidium glaucoma, Centropyxis acule-ate, Tintinnidium fluviatile, Brachionus angularis, Synchaeta sp.and Neodiaptomus schmackeri were the most dom-inant species and the zooplankton community in wetlands of Macao reflected obvious properties of tropical aquatic fauna.