黄河下游河流健康评估指标体系研究

Development of a River Health Assessment System for the Lower Yellow River

黄河下游是一条高度人工化的河流,是黄河"水少沙多"等诸多问题影响最为剧烈的区域。维持黄河下游健康,不能盲目追求河流自然功能的恢复和扩大。黄河下游河流健康评估指标体系的构建应充分考虑水沙、河道、生态等实际特点,紧密结合黄河下游的经济社会背景,针对黄河下游所承担的功能定位,强调评估指标体系的可操作性、指导性、动态性与适应性,协调黄河下游河流自然生态功能与社会服务功能的均衡发挥。黄河下游河流健康评估指标体系在遵循全国河湖健康评估指标体系的基础上,进行了调整优化。在水文水资源准则层中,取消了"流量变异程度"指标;在物理结构准则层中,增加了"主槽过流能力"指标;在水质状况准则层中,将"DO水质状况"和"耗氧有机物状况"综合为"水质状况"指标;在生物及栖息地准则层中,取消了"底栖动物完整性指数"指标,将"鱼类损失指数"调整为"珍稀濒危及特有土著鱼类生物损失指数",增加了"天然湿地保留率"指标和"珍稀濒危及特有土著鱼类栖息地状况"指标;在社会服务功能准则层中增加了"饮用水源地安全状况"、"景观舒适度"和"公众满意度"等指标。河流生态状况准则层和社会服务功能准则层不进行加权计算,河流健康状况由河流生态状况准则层和社会服务功能准则层分别进行表征。

The lower Yellow River is highly regulated to manage problems, such as the trend towards‘less water, more sand’ .In order to improve and maintain the health of the Yellow River and support sustainable development in the river basin, the Yellow River Conservancy Commission （ YRCC） set the goal‘keep life in the Yellow River Healthy’to guide policy development and conservation planning for the Yellow River basin.Based on health assess-ments of highly regulated rivers across the country carried out in 2011-2012 by YRCC, a river health assessment system was developed for the lower Yellow River.The system includes 15 indices for assessing the ecological condi-tion and social benefits provided by the river.The river health indicator system was designed to balance ecological integrity and social services based on characteristics of the Lower Yellow River, such as hydrology and sediment transport, channel morphology, and ecology.The national indicator system for river health assessment was custom-ized for the lower Yellow River in the following ways：the flow variability index was removed from the hydrology as-sessment;flow capacity of the main channel was added to assess the physical structure of the river;The DO and bi-ochemical oxygen demand （ BOD） were integrated into the water quality assessment;the benthic integrity index was removed from the assessment of biology and habitat;the fish loss index was added to assess the status of rare, en-dangered and endemic fish and the natural wetland retention rate and habitat quality assessment were added.Drink-ing water source protection, the landscape amenities and a public satisfaction index were added to the social service function.Rather than combining the two components using a weighted average, the status of the river ecology and its social benefits were reported separately in the health assessment of the lower Yellow River.The river health as-sessment system developed in this study can be used to track the progress of management and conservation efforts on the Yellow River.It can also provide technical support for decision making related to integrated water regulation, water-sediment regulation and promoting sustainable development along the Yellow River.