西部农户务农—务工的机会成本差分析

The Opportunity Cost Difference of the Rural Labor Local Farming-Migrant Working and their Indicator Function for the Cultivated Land Protection in Western China

本文构建农户劳动力务农—务工的机会成本差模型,研究2008—2012年西部省份农户劳动力务农相对于务工的机会成本差,分析农户劳动力的配置合理性和耕地保护的积极性。研究结果表明,机会成本差的西部地区均值小于0,农户劳动力务农没有机会成本损失;机会成本差在西部省份差异显著,四川、重庆和陕西等大于0,农户劳动力务农的机会成本损失较大,内蒙古、新疆、宁夏、青海、甘肃等省份小于0,农户劳动力务农比务工有更大的收益。农户劳动力务农不一定有机会成本损失,务农存在机会成本损失的根源在于农户劳动力的年有效劳动日数不足。

The opportunity cost difference of the rural labor local farming against migrant working is an important indicator. The purpose of analysis the rural labor opportunity cost difference in Western China is to understand the rationality of rural labor allocation and the enthusiasm of cultivated land protection. The model of the opportunity cost difference of the rural labor farming against migrant working were constructed,the opportunity cost difference of the rural labor farming against migrant working were calculated for the China and the Western provinces according to the model by the data 2008 and 2012. The results show that: the opportunity cost difference was above zero and increased year by year,so the loss of farming opportunity cost was large in China. In the Western China the opportunity cost is below zero,on average,there was no opportunity cost loss for the rural labor farming. In terms of the Western provinces of China,in Sichuan,Chongqing and Shaanxi Provinces,the local planting loss of farmer's opportunity cost is far greater than the national average. In addition,in Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Ningxia,Qinghai and Gansu Provinces,most farmers farming in hometown had greater gains than the migrant workers out to town. The conclusions were made: a farmer was not necessarily a loss of farming opportunity cost. The rural labor in the farming loss of opportunity cost was large than migrant workers throughout the country. The rural labor farming in the Western Regions of China was without loss of opportunity cost. The difference between Western Provinces of China was large. The lack amounts of annual effective working day for local farmers were the major result from the loss of the opportunity cost. Therefore,it was suggested that should consider the loss of opportunity cost to implementation the cultivated land quality construction in civil engineering as content in order to promote the protection of cultivated land quality,increase farming labor effective labor time and income of farmers in Western China.