基于啃食模型视角的草场可持续利用政策评价研究

Study on Policy Evaluation on Sustainable Use of Pasture Based on Sheep Grazing Model

牲畜承包、草畜承包、退牧还草等政策影响下的草场情况都属于超载状态,虽然能通过灰色评价确定其草场状态矩阵,但很难通过比较这些数据得出哪种政策相对较好的结论,为此本文创造性的建立了牛羊对草场的"啃食模型"来解决这个问题,并以西藏普兰县巴嘎乡的雄巴村为例进行了实证,并得出结论 "牲畜承包制"导致的结果仅仅是局部草场状态退化,"草畜双承包制"导致的则是所研究区域绝大部分的退化,而中央出台的退牧还草、生态移民等政策从其执行效果来看,起到了遏制草场恶化的作用。

This paper makes a sheep grazing model to determine the relative quality of policy on ＂cattle contracting, contracting livestock and pasture＂, and conducts a conclusion according to the case of the Xiongba village： the results of ＂livestock contracting system＂ is merely the implementation status of the local grassland degradation ; ＂livestock dual contract system＂ is the implementation of most of the degradation of the area, and while pasture policy plays a role in curbing the deterioration of pastures.