从考古发现看河南汉代煤炭业的发展

Analysis on the Coal Industry Development of the Han Dynasty in Henan Province from the Archaeological Findings

汉代是我国煤炭利用的第一个高峰期。河南汉代煤炭利用及开采技术趋于完备,燃用技术日臻成熟,实现了多领域、广地域、规模化开采利用;煤炭成为商品,产供销链形成,开采利用产业化发展,标志着古代煤炭业基本形成,煤炭利用进入新阶段;这种状况是多种因素综合作用下的历史必然。就目前的考古发现来看,洛阳及周边地区燃煤遗址的集中程度、燃用的普遍程度为全国所仅见,代表了汉代的先进水平。但煤炭的利用并未改变"以柴为主"的能源结构,在社会发展中的作用有限。

The Han Dynasty was the first peak of coal utilization in China. The mining technology was increasingly perfected, and combustion use technique had been into perfection, and multi-field and wide-area and scale coal exploitation in Hart Dynasty was realized. Coal became commodity , and the supply and market- ing chain of coal formed, and coal exploitation realized industrial development, which marked the formation of coal industry and coal utilization entered into a new stage. There were many reasons to explain it. Based on the archaeological founding, Luoyang and surrounding areas had intensive coal- fired ruins and coal exploitation was common and represented advanced level in Han Dynasty. However, coal exploitation did not change energy structure composed mainly of firewood, and it had limited roles in social development.