基于控墒补灌的春小麦滴灌制度研究

Research on drip irrigation schedule for spring wheat based on soil moisture-controlled irrigation

为优化北疆绿洲区滴灌春小麦的灌溉制度，采用控墒补灌法研究了不同灌水量对滴灌春小麦光合特征、干物质分配及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，拔节～开花期小麦株高、干物质积累量和叶面积指数均随着灌水量的增加显著（P＜0．05）升高。小麦旗叶各时期净光合（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）增加显著（P＜0．05）升高，而胞间CO2浓度（ Ci ）变化趋势相反；过量灌溉T5各时期 Gs均有所降低，Pn和Tr成熟期下降显著（ P＜0．05）；亏缺灌溉（T1） Pn峰值提前至孕穗期，各时期WUE均最低、LS最高。干物质向籽粒的分配、花前同化物转运率和对籽粒的贡献率随墒度随灌水量增加显著（ P＜0．05）降低。二次曲线拟合表明，灌水量为371 mm时可取得7450 kg·hm^-2的高产，灌溉频率约每7 d灌1次是本地区春小麦的最佳灌溉方案。

In order to optimize the drip irrigation schedule of spring wheat （ Triticum aestivum L .） in oasis region of northern Xinjiang ,by using the soil moisture-controlled irrigation method ,has researched the influences of different irri-gation volums to the photosynthetic characteristics ,dry matter distribution and water use efficiency .The results showed that：In the jointing and anthesis stage ,the plant height ,dry matter accumulation amount and leaf area index of wheat were significantly rised with increasing irrigation water volume （ P〈0 .05 ） .During the wheat flag leaf stage , the net photosynthetic rate （ Pn） ,stomatal conductance （Gs） ,and the transpiration rate （Tr） were significantly rised with in-creasing irrigation water volume （ P〈0 .05 ） .However ,variation trend of intercellular CO2 concentration （ Ci ） was con-trary to Pn , Tr and Gs .Excessive irrigation （T5 ） led to Gs decline in each growth stage .In mature stage ,the Pn and Tr were significantly decreased （ P〈0 .05） .Deficit irrigation（T1） ,the peak value of Pn was advanced to booting stage ,the water use efficiency（WUE） total was the lowest in each growing stage ,while the stomatic limitation（LS） was the highest .Dry matter allocation to grain ,pre-anthesis assimilation translocation rate and the contribution to grain was siginificantly decreased with the increasing soil moisture and irrigation water volume（ P〈0 .05） .Two curve fitting shown that when the irrigation volume was 371 mm ,the high grain yield 7 450 kg·hm^-2 can be obtained .It was the best irriga-tion interval about 7 days for spring wheat in this region .