屠宰场废弃物堆肥对苜蓿生长和碱化土壤肥力指标的影响

Effect of slaughterhouse waste composting on growth of alfalfa and fertility index of alkaline soil

对屠宰场猪、牛、羊废弃物堆肥施入退化土壤后作物生理指标、土壤肥力指标和微生物区系变化进行系统研究。结果表明：施用废弃物堆肥明显提高了苜蓿出苗率，并缩短了出苗时间，但不同种类、不同施用量（22．5 t·hm^-2、30．0 t·hm^-2和37．5 t·hm^-2）废弃物提高的幅度不同。苜蓿鲜生物量随着废弃物施用量的增大而增加，其中羊废弃物施用量为37．5 t· hm^-2的处理最大，为11．95 g · plant-1，不施用废弃物的处理鲜生物量最小，其最大值为10．26 g·plant-1；施用猪废弃物30．0 t·hm^-2的处理其干生物量最高（3．91 g·plant-1）。施用屠宰场废弃物堆肥后土壤有机质及养分都有不同程度的增加，如10月中旬土壤有机质和速效钾含量增幅略低，分别为9．92％～27．12％和5．77％～34．03％，碱解氮和速效磷增幅分别为11．79％～47．66％和16．92％～44．97％。猪废弃物施用量为37．5 t·hm^-2的处理细菌数量在8月底达到3．98×10^7 cfu·g^-1，羊和牛废弃物相同时期相同用量条件下细菌数量相近，一般废弃物施用量越大土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌数量也越多。

Continued growth in meat consumption means that slaughterhouse waste is increasing in amount .Com-posting is harmless ,economic and effective way to dispose of organic solid waste .In this paper ,the growth parameters of alfalfa ,fertility index and microbial populations of degeneration soil were systematic studied with the application of pig , cattle and sheep slaughterhouse waste .The results showed increased emergence rate and shorten germination duration when compost applied ,but it varied with kind of livestock and rate of composts .Fresh biomass of alfalfa increased with the application rate ,being highest （11 .95 g·plant-1 ） at 37 .5 t·hm^-2 of sheep slaughterhouse waste ,and being lowest CK treatment .Slaughterhouse waste increased soil organic matter and nutrients ,but the degree varied with soil nutrients . For soil organic matter and available potassium ,they were increased by the range were 9 .92% ~27 .12% and 5 .77% ~34 .03% ,while for available nitrogen and available phosphorus , they were elevated by a larger range of 11 .79% ~47 .66% and 16 .92% ~44 .97% ,respectively .Applied rate 37 .5 t· hm^-2 of pig slaughterhouse waste resulted in the largest amount of soil bacteria in August ,being 3 .98 × 10^7 cfu·g^-1 .The results can build a theoretical foundation for u-tilization of slaughterhouse waste .